Two completely separate buildings can each have an apartment number 804 in much the same way that your PC at home can have the same 192.168 point something point whatever private ID address as your PC at work. Aside from reusing IP addresses, one of the main ways we’ve alleviated the need to have more of them is through network address translation. How did we make it this far? Great question. IPV6 replaces IPV4’s 32-bit address with a 128-bit address that allows about 340 trillion, trillion, trillion addresses, enough for every person on earth to have billions of addresses for every device they own. But once you do the math, it’s not enough for every device on earth to have its own address and without a unique address, there’s no way to ensure that a packet is being delivered to the correct destination. First up, IPV4 allows for only about four billion unique addresses, which might sound like a lot. So it has some limitations that IPV6 was designed to deal with. IPV4, the first non-experimental version of the internet protocol and the cornerstone of the internet as we know it, has only received relatively minor revisions since its original development in the late ‘70s when the digital lifestyle we enjoy today with all of these connected devices all around us was basically science fiction. It seems pretty straightforward, right? Well, actually we’ve got a small problem at the moment. This function is mostly performed by routers and it’s the equivalent of your parcel – let’s say it’s heading from the West Coast to the US to France, reaching a courier hub in Chicago, where the decision gets made to forward it to New York, then Paris, instead of letting it make stopovers in Brisbane, New Delhi, Moscow and Toronto along the way. Number two is routing or predicting and selecting the best possible path for data transmission across network boundaries. The internet protocol dictates the header format of a datagram or packet similar to the label on a package as well as the way the data payload is nested within it to improve efficiency.
Ideas like putting the return address inside the box for better personal security or sending out six of the same thing to everyone on a city block to ensure that at least one of them will reach the intended target may be well-intentioned but would create a ton of unnecessary overhead, leading to inefficiency. Imagine if everyone on earth just came up with their own idea of how they should go about sending an item to someone. It has got two main jobs and for both of them, an easy comparison can be made to the mail system. Video transcript: The internet protocol is the main set of rules that governs the exchange or transmission of data between devices on separate networks.
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